Install the Cloudflare certificate

If your device does not support certificate installation via WARP, you can manually install the Cloudflare certificate. You will need to add the certificate to both the system keychain and to individual application stores. These steps will need to be performed on each new device that is to be subject to HTTP filtering.

​​ Download the Cloudflare root certificate

First, download the Cloudflare certificate. The certificate is available both as a .pem and as a .crt file. Certain applications require the certificate to be in a specific file type, so ensure you download the most appropriate file for your use case.

• Download certificate (.crt)
• Download certificate (.pem)

​​ Verify the certificate fingerprint

To verify your download, check that the certificate’s thumbprint matches:

​​ SHA1

BB:2D:B6:3D:6B:DE:DA:06:4E:CA:CB:40:F6:F2:61:40:B7:10:F0:6C

➜  ~ openssl x509 -noout -fingerprint -sha1 -inform der -in <Cloudflare_CA.crt>
SHA1 Fingerprint=BB:2D:B6:3D:6B:DE:DA:06:4E:CA:CB:40:F6:F2:61:40:B7:10:F0:6C
➜  ~ openssl x509 -noout -fingerprint -sha1 -inform pem -in <Cloudflare_CA.pem>
SHA1 Fingerprint=BB:2D:B6:3D:6B:DE:DA:06:4E:CA:CB:40:F6:F2:61:40:B7:10:F0:6C

​​ SHA256

F5:E1:56:C4:89:78:77:AD:79:3A:1E:83:FA:77:83:F1:9C:B0:C6:1B:58:2C:2F:50:11:B3:37:72:7C:62:3D:EF

➜  ~ openssl x509 -noout -fingerprint -sha256 -inform der -in <Cloudflare_CA.crt>
sha256 Fingerprint=F5:E1:56:C4:89:78:77:AD:79:3A:1E:83:FA:77:83:F1:9C:B0:C6:1B:58:2C:2F:50:11:B3:37:72:7C:62:3D:EF
➜  ~ openssl x509 -noout -fingerprint -sha256 -inform pem -in <Cloudflare_CA.pem>
sha256 Fingerprint=F5:E1:56:C4:89:78:77:AD:79:3A:1E:83:FA:77:83:F1:9C:B0:C6:1B:58:2C:2F:50:11:B3:37:72:7C:62:3D:EF

​​ Add the certificate to your system

​​ macOS

You will need to install the root certificate in the Keychain Access application. In the application, you can choose the keychain in which you want to install the certificate. macOS offers three options, each having a different impact on which users will be affected by trusting the root certificate.

Installing the certificate in the Login keychain will result in only the logged in user trusting the Cloudflare certificate. Installing it in the System Keychain affects all users who have access to that machine.

To install the certificate in Keychain Access:

1. Download the Cloudflare certificate.

2. Double-click the .crt file.

3. In the pop-up message, choose the option that suits your needs (login, Local Items, or System) and click Add.

The certificate is now listed in your preferred keychain within the Keychain Access application. You can always move the certificate under a different keychain by dragging and dropping the certificate onto the desired keychain on the left.

4. Double-click the certificate.

5. Click Trust.

6. From the When using this certificate drop-down menu, select Always Trust.

7. Close the menu.

The root certificate is now installed and ready to be used.

​​ Base Operating System

You can install the Cloudflare certificate on your terminal, too.

1. Download the Cloudflare certificate.
2. Open Terminal.
3. Launch the following command:

$ sudo security add-trusted-cert -d -r trustRoot -k /Library/Keychains/System.keychain <Cloudflare_CA.crt>

4. Update the OpenSSL CA Store to include the Cloudflare certificate:

$ echo | sudo cat - Cloudflare_CA.pem >> /usr/local/etc/openssl/cert.pem

​​ iOS

iOS only allows the Safari browser to open and install certificates.

1. Open Safari and download the Cloudflare certificate. The device will show a message: This website is trying to download a configuration profile. Do you want to allow this?

2. Tap Allow.

3. Navigate to Settings > General > VPN & Device Management and find the Cloudflare for Teams ECC Certificate Authority profile.

4. Select the profile and tap Install. If the iOS device is passcode-protected, you will be prompted to enter the passcode.

5. Next, a certificate warning will appear. Tap Install.

If a second prompt is displayed, tap Install again.

6. Next, the Profile Installed screen will appear. Tap Done.

The certificate is now installed. However, before it can be used, it must be trusted by the device.

7. On the device, go to Settings > General > About > Certificate Trust Settings.

The installed root certificates will be displayed in the Enable full trust for root certificates section.

8. Tap the slide button next to the Cloudflare certificate you just installed.

9. A confirmation dialogue will appear. Tap Continue.

The root certificate is now installed and ready to be used.

​​ Windows

Windows offers two options to install the certificate, each having a different impact on which users will be affected by trusting the root certificate.

1. Download the Cloudflare certificate.

2. Right-click the certificate file.

3. Click Open. If you see a Security Warning, click Open to proceed.

4. The Certificate window will appear. Click Install Certificate.

5. Now choose a Store Location. If you see a Security Warning, click Yes to proceed.

6. On the next screen, click Browse.

7. Choose the Trusted Root Certification Authorities store.

8. Click OK.

9. Click Finish.

The root certificate is now installed and ready to be used.

​​ Linux

The location where the root certificate should be installed is different depending on your Linux distribution. Please follow the specific instructions for your flavor of Linux.

​​ Debian / Ubuntu

1. Download the .pem certificate.
2. Copy the certificate to the system, changing the file extension to .crt.

$ sudo cp Cloudflare_CA.pem /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/Cloudflare_CA.crt

3. Import the certificate.

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure ca-certificates

​​ CentOS / RedHat

1. Download both the .crt certificate and the .pem certificate.
2. Copy both certificates to the trust store.

$ sudo cp Cloudflare_CA.crt Cloudflare_CA.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors

3. Import the certificate.

$ sudo update-ca-trust

​​ Android

1. Download the Cloudflare certificate.

2. Navigate to Settings > Security.

3. Tap Advanced > Encryption & Credentials.

4. Tap Install a certificate > CA certificate.

5. Tap Install Anyway.

6. Verify your identity through the fingerprint, or by inserting the pin code.

7. Select the certificate you want to install.

The root certificate is now installed and ready to be used.

​​ ChromeOS

1. Download the Cloudflare certificate.

2. Navigate to your ChromeOS Settings.

3. Navigate to Apps > Google Play Store.

4. Click Manage Android preferences.

5. Navigate to Security & location > Credentials > Install from SD card.

6. In the file open dialog, select the Cloudflare_CA.crt file downloaded in step #1 and click Open.

7. Enter anything you want for the certificate name and click OK.

​​ Nix and NixOS

nixOS does not use the system certificate store for self updating and instead relies on the certificates found in ~/.nix-profile/etc/ssl/certs or provided by NIX_SSL_CERT_FILE at runtime.

​​ Add the certificate to applications

Some packages, development tools, and other applications provide options to trust root certificates that will allow for the traffic inspection features of Gateway to work without breaking the application.

All of the applications below first require downloading the Cloudflare certificate with the instructions above. On Mac, the default path is /Library/Keychains/System.keychain Cloudflare_CA.crt. On Windows, the default path is \Cert:\CurrentUser\Root.

​​ Firefox

If your organization is using Firefox, the browser may need additional configuration to recognize the Cloudflare certificate. There are several ways you can add your Cloudflare certificate to Firefox. For more detailed instructions, see this Mozilla support article Open external link .

​​ Python

​​ Python on Windows

The command to install the certificate with Python on Windows automatically includes PIP and Certifi (the default certificate bundle for certificate validation).

1. Download the Cloudflare root certificate:

   curl -o Cloudflare_CA.crt https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-one/static/documentation/connections/Cloudflare_CA.crt

2. To update the bundle to include the Cloudflare certificate, run the following command:

   gc .\Cloudflare_CA.crt | ac C:\Python37\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\certifi\cacert.pem

​​ Python on Mac and Linux

1. Install the certifi package:

   $ pip install certifi
   

2. Identify the CA store:

   $ python -m certifi
   ~/Library/Python/3.7/lib/python/site-packages/certifi/cert.pem

3. Download the Cloudflare root certificate:

   $ wget https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-one/static/documentation/connections/Cloudflare_CA.pem
   

4. Append the Cloudflare certificate to this CA Store by running:

   $ echo | cat - Cloudflare_CA.pem >> $(python -m certifi)
   

5. If needed, configure system variables to point to this CA Store:

   $ export CERT_PATH=$(python -m certifi)
   $ export SSL_CERT_FILE=${CERT_PATH}
   $ export REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=${CERT_PATH}
   

​​ Git

​​ Git on Windows

1. Open Powershell.

2. Run the following command:

$ git config -l

This command will output:

core.symlinks=false
core.autocrlf=true
core.fscache=true
color.diff=auto
color.status=auto
color.branch=auto
color.interactive=true
help.format=html
rebase.autosquash=true
http.sslcainfo=C:/Program Files/Git/mingw64/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt
http.sslbackend=openssl
diff.astextplain.textconv=astextplain
filter.lfs.clean=git-lfs clean -- %f
filter.lfs.smudge=git-lfs smudge -- %f
filter.lfs.process=git-lfs filter-process
filter.lfs.required=true
credential.helper=manager

3. The http.sslcainfo defines the CA Certificate store. To append the Cloudflare certificate to the CA bundle, update http.sslcainfo.

gc .\Cloudflare_CA.pem | ac $(git config --get http.sslcainfo)

​​ Git on Mac and Linux

Configure Git to trust the Cloudflare certificate.

$ git config --global http.sslcainfo [PATH_TO_CLOUDFLARE_CERT]

​​ npm

The command below will set the cafile configuration to use the Cloudflare certificate. Make sure to use the certificate in the .pem file type.

$ npm config set cafile [PATH_TO_CLOUDFLARE_CERT.pem]

On some systems you may need to set the following in your path/export list:

$ export NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS='[PATH_TO_CLOUDFLARE_CERT.pem]'

​​ Google Cloud SDK

The commands below will set the Google Cloud SDK to use the Cloudflare certificate. More information on configuring the Google Cloud SDK is available here Open external link .

1. Get curl’s cacert bundle.

   $ curl -O https://curl.se/ca/cacert.pem
   

2. Get the Cloudflare CA.

   $ curl -O https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-one/static/documentation/connections/Cloudflare_CA.pem
   

3. Combine the certs into a single .pem file.

   $ cat cacert.pem Cloudflare_CA.pem > ~/ca.pem
   

4. Configure Google Cloud to use the combined .pem.

   $ gcloud config set core/custom_ca_certs_file ~/ca.pem
   

​​ Google Cloud SDK and Kaniko

Per the gcloud documentation Open external link , if Kaniko is being used the Cloudflare certificate will need to be installed in the Kaniko CA store. Instructions can be found here Open external link .

​​ Google Drive for desktop

To trust the Cloudflare root certificate in the Google Drive desktop application, follow the procedure for your operating system. These steps require you to download the .pem certificate.

$ defaults read /Library/Preferences/com.google.drivefs.settings

$ reg QUERY "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Google\DriveFS" /v TrustedRootCertsFile"

For more information, refer to the Google documentation Open external link for the TrustedRootCertsFile setting.

​​ AWS CLI

If you’re using the AWS CLI, you need to set the AWS_CA_BUNDLE environment variable to use the Cloudflare root certificate. Commands are available for different operating systems in the instructions available here Open external link .

​​ PHP Composer

The command below will set the cafile Open external link configuration inside of composer.json to use the Cloudflare root certificate. Make sure to use the certificate in the .pem file type.

$ composer config cafile [PATH_TO_CLOUDFLARE_CERT.pem]

Alternatively, you can add this manually to your composer.json file under the config key.

​​ JetBrains

To install the Cloudflare root certificate on JetBrains products, refer to the links below:

• AppCode Open external link
• CLion Open external link
• DataGrip Open external link
• DataSpell Open external link
• GoLand Open external link
• IntelliJ IDEA Open external link
• PhpStorm Open external link
• PyCharm Open external link
• Rider Open external link
• WebStorm Open external link

​​ Minikube

Instructions on how to install the Cloudflare root certificate are available here Open external link